为了检测现有的隐志算法，最近的切解方法通常在数据集上训练卷积神经网络（CNN）模型，该模型由相应的配对盖/stego图像组成。但是，对于那些切断的工具，完全重新训练CNN模型以使其对现有的隐志算法和新的新出现的隐志算法有效，这是无效和不切实际的。因此，现有的切解模型通常缺乏新的隐志算法的动态扩展性，这限制了其在现实情况下的应用。为了解决这个问题，我们建议基于切解分析的基于基于的参数重要性估计（APIE）学习方案。在此方案中，当对新的截然算法生成的新图像数据集进行训练时，其网络参数将有效，有效地更新，并充分考虑其在先前的培训过程中评估其重要性。这种方法可以指导切解模型来学习新的隐志算法的模式，而不会显着降低针对先前的横向志算法的可检测性。实验结果表明，提出的方案具有新兴新兴志志算法的可扩展性。

作为许多医疗应用的重要上游任务，监督的地标本地化仍然需要不可忽略的注释成本才能实现理想的绩效。此外，由于繁琐的收集程序，医疗地标数据集的规模有限，会影响大规模自我监督的预训练方法的有效性。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了一个两阶段的单次医疗地标本地化框架，该框架首先通过无监督的注册从标记的示例中删除了地标，以便未​​标记的目标，然后利用这些嘈杂的伪标签来训练健壮的探测器。为了处理重要的结构变化，我们在包含边缘信息的新型损失函数的指导下学习了全球对齐和局部变形的端到端级联。在第二阶段，我们探索了选择可靠的伪标签和半监视学习的跨矛盾的自持矛盾。我们的方法在不同身体部位的公共数据集上实现了最先进的表现，这证明了其一般适用性。

变形金刚占据了自然语言处理领域，最近影响了计算机视觉区域。在医学图像分析领域中，变压器也已成功应用于全栈临床应用，包括图像合成/重建，注册，分割，检测和诊断。我们的论文旨在促进变压器在医学图像分析领域的认识和应用。具体而言，我们首先概述了内置在变压器和其他基本组件中的注意机制的核心概念。其次，我们回顾了针对医疗图像应用程序量身定制的各种变压器体系结构，并讨论其局限性。在这篇综述中，我们调查了围绕在不同学习范式中使用变压器，提高模型效率及其与其他技术的耦合的关键挑战。我们希望这篇评论可以为读者提供医学图像分析领域的读者的全面图片。

复杂查询应答（CQA）是知识图中的一个重要推理任务。目前已经证明能够从原子操作员概括到更复杂的公式中的当前CQA学习模型，这可以被视为组合概括性。在本文中，我们呈现EFO-1-QA，通过包括301种不同的查询类型来基准CQA模型的组合概括性的EFO-1-QA来基准，这是比现有数据集大的20倍。此外，我们的工作首次提供基准来评估和分析不同运营商和正常形式的影响，通过使用（a）7个选择的操作系统和（b）9形式的复杂查询。具体地，我们提供了两个常用的运营商的组合概括性的详细研究，即投影和交叉点，并证明了鉴于运营商的规范选择的疑问形式的影响。我们的代码和数据可以为基准CQA模型提供有效的管道。

In this work, we tackle two vital tasks in automated driving systems, i.e., driver intent prediction and risk object identification from egocentric images. Mainly, we investigate the question: what would be good road scene-level representations for these two tasks? We contend that a scene-level representation must capture higher-level semantic and geometric representations of traffic scenes around ego-vehicle while performing actions to their destinations. To this end, we introduce the representation of semantic regions, which are areas where ego-vehicles visit while taking an afforded action (e.g., left-turn at 4-way intersections). We propose to learn scene-level representations via a novel semantic region prediction task and an automatic semantic region labeling algorithm. Extensive evaluations are conducted on the HDD and nuScenes datasets, and the learned representations lead to state-of-the-art performance for driver intention prediction and risk object identification.

We introduce a new tool for stochastic convex optimization (SCO): a Reweighted Stochastic Query (ReSQue) estimator for the gradient of a function convolved with a (Gaussian) probability density. Combining ReSQue with recent advances in ball oracle acceleration [CJJJLST20, ACJJS21], we develop algorithms achieving state-of-the-art complexities for SCO in parallel and private settings. For a SCO objective constrained to the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^d$, we obtain the following results (up to polylogarithmic factors). We give a parallel algorithm obtaining optimization error $\epsilon_{\text{opt}}$ with $d^{1/3}\epsilon_{\text{opt}}^{-2/3}$ gradient oracle query depth and $d^{1/3}\epsilon_{\text{opt}}^{-2/3} + \epsilon_{\text{opt}}^{-2}$ gradient queries in total, assuming access to a bounded-variance stochastic gradient estimator. For $\epsilon_{\text{opt}} \in [d^{-1}, d^{-1/4}]$, our algorithm matches the state-of-the-art oracle depth of [BJLLS19] while maintaining the optimal total work of stochastic gradient descent. We give an $(\epsilon_{\text{dp}}, \delta)$-differentially private algorithm which, given $n$ samples of Lipschitz loss functions, obtains near-optimal optimization error and makes $\min(n, n^2\epsilon_{\text{dp}}^2 d^{-1}) + \min(n^{4/3}\epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{1/3}, (nd)^{2/3}\epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{-1})$ queries to the gradients of these functions. In the regime $d \le n \epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{2}$, where privacy comes at no cost in terms of the optimal loss up to constants, our algorithm uses $n + (nd)^{2/3}\epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{-1}$ queries and improves recent advancements of [KLL21, AFKT21]. In the moderately low-dimensional setting $d \le \sqrt n \epsilon_{\text{dp}}^{3/2}$, our query complexity is near-linear.

New architecture GPUs like A100 are now equipped with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which allows the GPU to be partitioned into multiple small, isolated instances. This technology provides more flexibility for users to support both deep learning training and inference workloads, but efficiently utilizing it can still be challenging. The vision of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive and practical benchmark study for MIG in order to eliminate the need for tedious manual benchmarking and tuning efforts. To achieve this vision, the paper presents MIGPerf, an open-source tool that streamlines the benchmark study for MIG. Using MIGPerf, the authors conduct a series of experiments, including deep learning training and inference characterization on MIG, GPU sharing characterization, and framework compatibility with MIG. The results of these experiments provide new insights and guidance for users to effectively employ MIG, and lay the foundation for further research on the orchestration of hybrid training and inference workloads on MIGs. The code and results are released on https://github.com/MLSysOps/MIGProfiler. This work is still in progress and more results will be published soon.

In the scenario of black-box adversarial attack, the target model's parameters are unknown, and the attacker aims to find a successful adversarial perturbation based on query feedback under a query budget. Due to the limited feedback information, existing query-based black-box attack methods often require many queries for attacking each benign example. To reduce query cost, we propose to utilize the feedback information across historical attacks, dubbed example-level adversarial transferability. Specifically, by treating the attack on each benign example as one task, we develop a meta-learning framework by training a meta-generator to produce perturbations conditioned on benign examples. When attacking a new benign example, the meta generator can be quickly fine-tuned based on the feedback information of the new task as well as a few historical attacks to produce effective perturbations. Moreover, since the meta-train procedure consumes many queries to learn a generalizable generator, we utilize model-level adversarial transferability to train the meta-generator on a white-box surrogate model, then transfer it to help the attack against the target model. The proposed framework with the two types of adversarial transferability can be naturally combined with any off-the-shelf query-based attack methods to boost their performance, which is verified by extensive experiments.

Cashews are grown by over 3 million smallholders in more than 40 countries worldwide as a principal source of income. As the third largest cashew producer in Africa, Benin has nearly 200,000 smallholder cashew growers contributing 15% of the country's national export earnings. However, a lack of information on where and how cashew trees grow across the country hinders decision-making that could support increased cashew production and poverty alleviation. By leveraging 2.4-m Planet Basemaps and 0.5-m aerial imagery, newly developed deep learning algorithms, and large-scale ground truth datasets, we successfully produced the first national map of cashew in Benin and characterized the expansion of cashew plantations between 2015 and 2021. In particular, we developed a SpatioTemporal Classification with Attention (STCA) model to map the distribution of cashew plantations, which can fully capture texture information from discriminative time steps during a growing season. We further developed a Clustering Augmented Self-supervised Temporal Classification (CASTC) model to distinguish high-density versus low-density cashew plantations by automatic feature extraction and optimized clustering. Results show that the STCA model has an overall accuracy of 80% and the CASTC model achieved an overall accuracy of 77.9%. We found that the cashew area in Benin has doubled from 2015 to 2021 with 60% of new plantation development coming from cropland or fallow land, while encroachment of cashew plantations into protected areas has increased by 70%. Only half of cashew plantations were high-density in 2021, suggesting high potential for intensification. Our study illustrates the power of combining high-resolution remote sensing imagery and state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to better understand tree crops in the heterogeneous smallholder landscape.

In this paper, we develop an efficient multi-scale network to predict action classes in partial videos in an end-to-end manner. Unlike most existing methods with offline feature generation, our method directly takes frames as input and further models motion evolution on two different temporal scales.Therefore, we solve the complexity problems of the two stages of modeling and the problem of insufficient temporal and spatial information of a single scale. Our proposed End-to-End MultiScale Network (E2EMSNet) is composed of two scales which are named segment scale and observed global scale. The segment scale leverages temporal difference over consecutive frames for finer motion patterns by supplying 2D convolutions. For observed global scale, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is incorporated to capture motion features of observed frames. Our model provides a simple and efficient modeling framework with a small computational cost. Our E2EMSNet is evaluated on three challenging datasets: BIT, HMDB51, and UCF101. The extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for action prediction in videos.